Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5g Applications

IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 13, Issue 1, Ver. I (Jan.- Feb. 2018), PP 14-17 www.iosrjournals.org

Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5g Applications
T.Kiran1, N.Mounisha2, Ch.Mythily2, D.Akhil2, T.V.B.Phani Kumar3
(B.Tech , ECE Department, KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation , Vaddeswaram(522502),India)1,2 (Associate Professor,ECE Department ,KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation ,Vaddeswaram(522502),India)3 Corresponding Author: T.Kiran

Abstract: This paper is embedded with microstrip patch antenna that is constructed for future 5G wireless

communications. The antenna has a compressed structure of 11mm x 8 mm x 0.5mm, including the ground

plane. This antenna is designed using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate used as dielectric material with a

miniaturized size of 4.4mm x 3.3mm. Its dielectric constant is 2.2 and has thickness of 0.5 mm. This microstrip

patch antenna resonates at frequencies of 28 GHz and 50 GHz. The antenna is simulated by using high

frequency structure simulator. The antenna provides a gain of 2.6dB. The structure of antenna and various

specifications such as return loss, vswr, gain plot and radiation pattern are discussed.

Keywords:Feed, HFSS, Microstrip Patch, Slot, 5G.

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Date of Submission: 11-01-2018

Date of acceptance: 25-01-2018

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I. Introduction
Present wireless communication technology is expanding rapidly due to the increase in the numbers of users in terms of internet usage. We have come across 1G, 2G, 3G and recently 4G LTE technologies. One of the provoking factors that affect the today’s wireless communication is lack of feasible frequency resources. So to solve this problem, research has been started in 5G wireless communication at millimeter frequency band, which ranges between 20 GHz to 300 GHz. Mostly the frequency range used for 5G research are in range of 24 GHz to 60 GHz [1]. Numerous fields have adopted the 5G technology with Internet of things (IOT). One of the goals of 5G technology is to connect millions of devices together. This future 5G technology can be used in smart cities, smart transportation and robotics.
The agile decrease in size of mobile devices prone to develop miniature antennas that could fit in those devices without affecting the function [2]. This caused to the raise of microstrip patch antennas in 20th century. Microstrip patch antenna consists of a thin metal foil mounted on a substrate, beneath the substrate there is a presence of ground[3]. This microstrip patch antenna can be integrated very easily on the surface of PCB, which can be used in mobile devices as well. Mostly these antennas are used in microwave and millimeter frequency bands.

II. Design Equations For Patch Antennas

The blue print of microstrip patch antenna that is developed at 28 GHz and 50 GHz shown in figure 1.

This uses an inset line feeding technique. The measurements of patch are 4.4 mm x 3.3 mm. The thickness of

substrate is 0.5 mm with a rectangular slot cut on it. Distinct parameters are considered for developing the

antenna such as dielectric constant, thickness of substrate (ts = 0.5 mm) and resonant frequency (rf = 28.3 GHz).

The complete dimensions are shown in table below. The impedance of feed is 50 ohms. In HFSS the lumped

port is used to excitethe antenna. Since the antenna is of very small size to match the impedance of patch and

feed line, inset type feeding is chosen for maximum transfer of power.

The analysis of microstrip antenna is done using cavity and transmission line model[4]. The design

methodology and equations are portrayed under:

𝑚= 𝐶

2𝑟𝑓

(𝑒𝑟 +1) 2

...(1)

Where M is the width of patch, C is speed of light that is 3 x 108, rfis the resonant frequency that is 28 GHz for

future 5G applications and er is dielectric constant that is 2.2 −1

𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓 = (𝑒𝑟2+1) + (𝑒𝑟2−1) 1 + 12 𝑚𝑘 2

…(2)

Here k is height of substrate that is 0.5 mm.

𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑓 = 2𝑟𝑓 𝐶𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓

… (3)

DOI: 10.9790/2834-1301011417

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Where n is the length of patch 𝛥𝑛 = 0.412𝑘 (𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓 +0.3)(𝑚𝑘 +0.264)
(𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓 −0.258 )(𝑚𝑘 +0.8)
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑓 − 2𝛥𝑛

Design Of Microstrip Patch Antenna For 5g Applications
… (4) … (5)

Fig-1. Designed Microstrip Patch Antenna

The size of Substrate is 11 mm x8 mm which is made up of Rogers RT 5880 with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The length and width of patch are 4.4 mm, 3.3 mm respectively. The depth of inset feed is 0.94 mm and width is 0.445 mm. The length and width of slot are 0.385 mm, 4.24 mm respectively. The width of microstrip line is 0.77 mm.
The entire blue print is built using HFSS [5], the substrate is made like a box as per dimensions and perfect E1 boundary is assigned. Now Patch is made on the surface of substrate as per dimensions. An inset slot is made on the both sides of feed to maintain impedance matching. The patch and feed are united and boundary perfect E2 is assigned. Now ground plane is carved at bottom of substrate that is assigned with perfect E3 boundary. Now lumped feed is given to microstrip line with impedance of 50 ohm. The radiation box is drawn with the antenna inside the radiation box which is made of vacuum.

III. Figures And Tables

The parameters used in designing the microstrip patch antenna are shown in the table-1

TABLE-1. Rectangular Patch Antenna

S.No

Parameter

Dimension (mm)

1

ns

11

2

ms

8

3

np

4.4

4

mp

3.3

5

nf

3.3

6

mf

0.77

7

mg

11

8

ng

8

9

ngs

4.24

10

mgs

0.385

11

nis

0.94

12

mis

0.445

13

K

0.5

Table-2.Output Parameters

Parameter

Patch Antenna

Resonant Frequency

28.3 GHz

VSWR

1.58

Gain

2.6 dB

DOI: 10.9790/2834-1301011417

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Design Of Microstrip Patch Antenna For 5g Applications IV. Simulation Results
Return Loss Plot The S11 parameters are considered as antenna return loss parameters. Considering -10 dB to be the base value, the return loss obtained at 28 GHz is 21 dB and return loss obtained at 50 GHz is 31 dB respectively. Fig shows the plot of return loss.
Fig-2. S-Parameters VSWR Plot The Voltage Standing Wave Ration (VSWR) is shown In Fig . The ideal value of VSWR is 1 dB and practically it should not be more than 2.5 dB. This antenna has VSWR of 1.58 dB at 1.58 GHz.

Fig-3. VSWR Gain Plot The 3D plot shows the gain of antenna. The antenna has a gain of 2.6 dB. Fig shows the gain of patch.

DOI: 10.9790/2834-1301011417

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Design Of Microstrip Patch Antenna For 5g Applications

Radiation Pattern

Fig-4.Gain

Fig-5. Radiation Pattern
V. Conclusion
In this paper the microstrip patch antenna is designed for future 5G communications. The antenna resonates at frequencies of 28.3 GHz and 50.3 GHz with a return loss of 21 dB and 31 dB respectively. The antenna is best suitable for devices that have a space constraint and can be easily integrated. The Structure of antenna is compressed to 11 mm x 8 mm x 0.5 mm.
References
[1]. Straightpath Communication Inc. “A straight Path Towards 5G(white paper)” September 16, 2015. [2]. S. Chen and J. Zhao, "The requirements, challenges, and technologies for 5G of terrestrial mobile
telecommunication," in IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 36-43, May 2014. [3]. Lel, Kai Forg,LukKwai-Mann: Microstrip patch Antenna, (World scientific, ISBN-184816453X,PP- 8-12) [4]. C.A.Balanis,Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design,(3rd edition Wiley, New York ,2005). [5]. Ansoft HFSS. Ver 12 Ansys Corporation. Available At WWW.ansoft.com.

T.Kiran "Design of Micro strip Patch Antenna for 5g Applications." IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) 13.1 (2018): 14-17.

DOI: 10.9790/2834-1301011417

www.iosrjournals.org

17 | Page